玄奘はインドで何を証明したのか―玄奘にまつわる論理式「唯識比量」を巡る、国や時代をまたいだ議論の探究を通じ、論理と歴史の「共生」構造を解き明かす。.

東アジアの近代知識人たちは、西洋思想史の不滅の古典であるカント哲学をどのように受容し、解釈し、批判してきたか。植民地統治と戦争・革命の歴史のなかで、日本・韓国・中国・台湾の思想界がカントを翻訳紹介して いった歴史的文脈とその政治的意味、さらには相互的な影響関係を、各国の第一線の研究者たちが跡づける国際共同研究の成果。.

多元文化の時代における 「エスニックな美学」 としての〈日本美学〉 の構築に向け、 〈幽玄〉 を具体的に解明する。.

日本、中国、韓国はそれぞれの伝統に依拠しつつ西洋哲学を受容することで近代哲学を形成してきた。哲学や思想における特徴や制限は、他の思想を鏡として、そこに映し出すことで明らかになる。なぜ違いが生まれたのか 。互いの違いをどう克服するのか。西田幾多郎、吉田松陰、九鬼周造、西周、和辻哲郎、土田杏村、大西克礼、戸坂潤...。受容から対話へと続く道から、いま、東アジアにおける哲学的創造の新たな意義と可能性が拓か れる。.

論理的たろうとすることは、道理や理屈の普遍性に信頼をおくことである。その限りで、東アジア的であることは論理的であることと切り離せないというのが、東アジア哲学の基本的な了解である。そして、そうあるべきだ ということを立証しようとしたのが京都学派であり新儒家であった。このことは、彼らが狭い意味での論理学では採り逃されてしまうものへの鋭い感性あるいは直観を重視したことと決して矛盾しない。.

西洋近代を経験した東アジア各国はいかに固有の哲学を生み出しそして今どんな〈世界哲学〉の構想が可能なのか。国際共同研究の成果。.

東アジアの朱子後継者のなかで日本的な朱子学、あるいは朱子学の日本化を成し遂げたという山崎闇斎。彼を筆頭にする崎門学派の理気心性論の言説をとくに朝鮮の李退渓との比較において東アジアの近世思想史のなかに再 定位する。.

アジアは古代ギリシアの哲学と同様に、仏教や儒学のような優れた思索の伝統を生み出しながら、なぜ西洋の近代哲学のような、現代世界の思想文化に多大な影響を与える「哲学」をもたないように見えるのだろうか。西洋 の近代哲学と向き合いつつ東アジアからの哲学的貢献を目指した京都学派と、中国思想を西洋哲学と対等な思想体系として再構築しようとした新儒家をとりあげ、東アジアの「哲学」がもつ新たな展開の可能性を考察する。 .

It is often argued that no local common cause models of EPR correlation exist. However, Szabó and Rédei pointed out that such arguments have the tacit assumption that plural correlations have the same common causes. Furthermore, Szabó showed that for EPR correlation a local common cause model in his sense exists. One of his requirements is that common cause events are statistically independent of apparatus settings on each side. However, as Szabó knows, to meet this requirement does not entail that (...) different combinations of common cause events (e.g. meet and join in lattice-theoretic terminology) are statistically independent of measurement settings. This further condition is formulated in two ways. First, the apparatus settings are completely independent of such combinations. Second, the apparatus settings on each side are independent of such combinations. Does a common cause model which meets the former and the latter respectively exist? This problem is considered. In particular, the latter version is Szabó’s and Rédei’s open problem. Negative answers are given to both versions. (shrink)

Some researchers argued that in the non-existence proof of hidden variables, the existence of a common common-cause of multiple correlations is tacitly assumed and that the assumption is unreasonably strong. According to their idea, it is sufficient if the separate common-cause of each correlation exists. However, for such an idea, various no-go results are already known. Recently, Higashi showed that there exists no local separate common-cause model for the correlations that appear in Hardy’s famous argument. In this paper, I (...) give another simple and suggestive proof of the same content. First, I will show that there exists no local common common-cause model of the correlations that appear in Hardy’s argument. Second, taking the proof as a hint, following almost the same steps, I will show the non-existence of a local separate common-cause model for those correlations. Finally, based on the argument in the previous sections, I will discuss what we can conclude about the issue of reducibility from a separate common-cause model to a common common-cause model. It will be concluded that it is “irreducible” at least by a usual method. (shrink)

近世後期、日本最古の文献である『古事記』は単なる過去ではなくなり、書かれた時代と「同時的」となって、“神話”であることに対峙する書物となった―本居宣長の前後に登場した田安宗武・上田秋成・橘守部・富士谷 御杖らの記紀解釈を集積体として読み解き、人間と神々のコスモロジーを穿つ。.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether oxygenated hemoglobin generated during a motor imagery task is associated with the motor learning level of the task.MethodsWe included 16 right-handed healthy participants who were trained to perform a ball rotation task. Hemodynamic brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor changes in oxy-Hb concentration during the BR MI task. The experimental protocol used a block design, and measurements were performed three times before and after the initial training of the BR task as (...) well as after the final training. The BR count during training was also measured. Furthermore, subjective vividness of MI was evaluated three times after NIRS measurement using the Visual Analog Scale.ResultsThe results showed that the number of BRs increased significantly with training. VAS scores also improved with training. Furthermore, oxy-Hb concentration and the region of interest showed a main effect. An interaction was confirmed, and it was ascertained that the change in oxy-Hb concentrations due to training was different for each ROI. The most significant predictor of subjective MI vividness was supplementary motor area oxy-Hb concentration.DiscussionHemodynamic brain activity during MI tasks may be correlated with task motor learning levels, since significant changes in oxy-Hb concentrations were observed following initial and final training in the SMA. In particular, hemodynamic brain activity in the SMA was suggested to reflect the MI vividness of participants. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of mental practice can be enhanced by providing neurofeedback based on transcranial magnetic stimulation -induced motor evoked potentials. Twenty-four healthy, right-handed subjects were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that was given correct TMS feedback and a group that was given randomized false TMS feedback. The subjects imagined pushing the switch with just timing, when the target circle overlapped a cross at the center of (...) the computer monitor. In the Real-FB group, feedback was provided to the subjects based on the MEP amplitude measured in the trial immediately preceding motor imagery. In contrast, the subjects of the Sham-FB group were provided with a feedback value that was independent of the MEP amplitude. TMS was applied when the target, moving from right to left, overlapped the cross at the center of the screen, and the MEP amplitude was measured. The MEP was recorded in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. We evaluated the pre-mental practice and post-mental practice motor performance in both groups. As a result, a significant difference was observed in the percentage change of error values between the Real-FB group and the Sham-FB group. Furthermore, the MEP was significantly different between the groups in the 4th and 5th sets. Therefore, it was suggested that TMS-induced MEP-based neurofeedback might enhance the effect of mental practice. (shrink)